Chaque 6 janvier, la Journ\u00e9e mondiale des enfants orphelins de guerre rappelle au monde la responsabilit\u00e9 collective de prot\u00e9ger les enfants victimes des conflits arm\u00e9s. Dans les territoires de Kabare et Kalehe, au Sud-Kivu, cette journ\u00e9e r\u00e9sonne avec une intensit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re. Les combats arm\u00e9s, les d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 chronique ont laiss\u00e9 derri\u00e8re elles des centaines d\u2019enfants priv\u00e9s de leurs parents, contraints de survivre dans des conditions extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caires<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDes enfances bris\u00e9es par la guerre<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 Kalehe, Amani (nom modifi\u00e9), 14 ans, a perdu son p\u00e8re lors d\u2019une attaque arm\u00e9e, avant que sa m\u00e8re ne succombe aux conditions de d\u00e9placement. Aujourd\u2019hui, il vit chez un proche, sans soutien stable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Je n\u2019ai plus personne pour payer l\u2019\u00e9cole. Parfois je travaille au champ pour manger. Quand je vois les autres enfants avec leurs parents, je me sens seul \u00bb, raconte-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 Bushumba Naomie (nom modifi\u00e9), 12 ans, a vu sa vie basculer apr\u00e8s la mort de ses parents pendant les violences dans son village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab La nuit, je fais souvent des cauchemars. J\u2019ai peur des bruits. J\u2019aimerais redevenir une enfant normale et retourner \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00bb, confie-t-elle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Comme eux, de nombreux enfants orphelins de guerre grandissent dans la peur, la pauvret\u00e9 et l\u2019abandon, souvent sans accompagnement psychosocial ni protection adapt\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cons\u00e9quences sociales, psychologiques et \u00e9ducatives alarmantes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les cons\u00e9quences de cette situation sont profondes et durables. Sur le plan psychologique, beaucoup d\u2019enfants d\u00e9veloppent des traumatismes, de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 chronique, des troubles du sommeil et un sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 permanent. Sans suivi sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9, ces blessures invisibles compromettent leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9motionnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sur le plan \u00e9ducatif, la majorit\u00e9 de ces enfants abandonnent l\u2019\u00e9cole faute de moyens ou de soutien. Le d\u00e9crochage scolaire expose certains au travail pr\u00e9coce, \u00e0 la mendicit\u00e9, voire au recrutement par des groupes arm\u00e9s. Socialement, l\u2019absence de structures d\u2019accueil et de m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9insertion favorise l\u2019isolement, la stigmatisation et l\u2019exclusion communautaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pour Mulinga Masumbuko Alfred, d\u00e9fenseur des droits humains et acteur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, ces cons\u00e9quences constituent une menace pour la stabilit\u00e9 future de la r\u00e9gion :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Un enfant orphelin de guerre abandonn\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui devient un adulte vuln\u00e9rable demain. Sans protection ni \u00e9ducation, nous pr\u00e9parons une crise sociale durable. La prise en charge de ces enfants doit \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 absolue \u00bb, insiste-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Des droits reconnus, mais peu respect\u00e9s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La situation des enfants orphelins de guerre \u00e0 Kabare et Kalehe viole plusieurs dispositions de la Convention relative aux droits de l\u2019enfant (CDE), ratifi\u00e9e par la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo.
L\u2019article 3 impose que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019enfant guide toute d\u00e9cision le concernant. L\u2019article 6 garantit le droit \u00e0 la survie et au d\u00e9veloppement. L\u2019article 19 prot\u00e8ge l\u2019enfant contre toute forme de violence, de n\u00e9gligence ou d\u2019abandon. L\u2019article 20 stipule que tout enfant priv\u00e9 de son milieu familial a droit \u00e0 une protection sp\u00e9ciale de l\u2019\u00c9tat. L\u2019article 28 consacre le droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, tandis que l\u2019article 39 exige la r\u00e9adaptation psychologique et la r\u00e9insertion sociale des enfants victimes de conflits arm\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Face \u00e0 cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9, un appel pressant est lanc\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s publiques, aux partenaires humanitaires et \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 nationale et internationale afin de renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de protection, soutenir les familles d\u2019accueil et d\u00e9velopper des structures adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 Kabare et Kalehe. En cette Journ\u00e9e mondiale des enfants orphelins de guerre, une \u00e9vidence s\u2019impose : prot\u00e9ger ces enfants, c\u2019est reconstruire l\u2019avenir de toute une r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les noms des enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9s afin d\u2019assurer leur protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yseult Lwango<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque 6 janvier, la Journ\u00e9e mondiale des enfants orphelins de guerre rappelle au monde la responsabilit\u00e9 collective de prot\u00e9ger les enfants victimes des conflits arm\u00e9s. Dans les territoires de Kabare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":71856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe"],"yoast_head":"\n
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