{"id":22610,"date":"2021-08-11T06:04:55","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T06:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lesvolcansnews.net\/?p=22610"},"modified":"2021-08-11T06:05:51","modified_gmt":"2021-08-11T06:05:51","slug":"crimes-commis-en-rdc-et-reparations-comment-letat-entretient-la-frustration-des-victimes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lesvolcansnews.net\/?p=22610","title":{"rendered":"Crimes commis en RDC et r\u00e9parations : comment l’\u00c9tat entretient la frustration des victimes ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente, appuy\u00e9 par Avocats Sans Fronti\u00e8res (ASF) r\u00e9v\u00e8le les insuffisances du syst\u00e8me judiciaire congolais en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9paration des victimes des crimes de masse. Dans sa conclusion, l’\u00e9tude formule des recommandations \u00e0 4 \u00e9tapes du processus judiciaires pour remettre \u00e0 chaque fois les victimes des crimes graves en RDC dans leurs droits<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u00e9e en mai 2021, d\u00e9passer le statu quo en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9parations en RDC : Enjeux et perspectives est l’intitul\u00e9 du travail men\u00e9e par Sara LIWERANT, Directrice Adjointe de l’\u00e9cole de criminologie de l’Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa (UNIKIN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet : Soutenir les efforts de la lutte contre l’impunit\u00e9 en r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo mis en uvre par le consortium Avocats Sans Fronti\u00e8res, RCN Justice & D\u00e9mocratie et TRIAL international, qui place les int\u00e9r\u00eats et les droits des victimes de crimes graves au cur de sa strat\u00e9gie en renfor\u00e7ant l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice des personnes et des communaut\u00e9s victimes de ces crimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les principales facettes des r\u00e9parations rat\u00e9es en RDC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avocats Sans Fronti\u00e8res pr\u00e9sente lacc\u00e8s \u00e0 des mesures de r\u00e9parations effectives et ad\u00e9quates en RDC comme une priorit\u00e9, et cela \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux, \u00e0 lheure o\u00f9 nous sommes. Cependant, le contraste est quau moment o\u00f9 les m\u00e9canismes judiciaires congolais pr\u00e9tendent donner r\u00e9parations aux victimes, celles-ci demeurent dans un profil de non-r\u00e9par\u00e9es si lon analyse le processus de r\u00e9paration sous un il de professionnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre autres obstacles de r\u00e9parations effectives et ad\u00e9quates, il ya lEtat congolais lui-m\u00eame qui ne r\u00e9pare qu\u00e0 de rares exceptions en cas de sa condamnation \u00e0 verser des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats, indique les termes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de latelier de restitution de r\u00e9sultats de l\u00e9tude \u00ab d\u00e9passer le statu quo en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9parations en RDC : Enjeux et perspectives \u00bb, organis\u00e9 du 5 au 8 juillet \u00e0 Goma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linexistence de consistance dans les montants ordonn\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rentes juridictions dans les dossiers des crimes internationaux et linad\u00e9quation des mesures de r\u00e9parations ordonn\u00e9es, sont \u00e9galement des obstacles relev\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9paration des victimes de crimes de masse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que le pr\u00e9judice peut en partie \u00eatre de nature collective, la structure des proc\u00e8s implique que les parties civiles soient individualis\u00e9es et, de fait, la r\u00e9paration aussi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9tude fait observer in fine que, les r\u00e9parations ne sont \u00e0 lheure actuelle, ordonn\u00e9es que sur le plan judiciaire, ce qui exclut de facto la majeure partie des victimes de lacc\u00e8s au moins th\u00e9orique \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il faut donc logiquement innover dans les pratiques judiciaires congolaises en termes de r\u00e9parations r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux victimes des crimes graves en RDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les r\u00e9parations en RDC: des nouvelles normes simposent<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9parations des victimes des crimes graves en RDC, se situe \u00e0 quatre niveaux du processus judiciaire congolais. Il s’agit de l’enqu\u00eate, la phase pr\u00e9-juridictionnelle, la d\u00e9cision judiciaire et l’ex\u00e9cution des d\u00e9cisions judiciaires.
Pour arriver \u00e0 innover dans le domaine de r\u00e9parations, l’\u00e9tude propose des recommandations \u00e0 chaque niveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la phase denqu\u00eate, il est important de reconnaitre juridiquement aux victimes le droit \u00e0 l’information et \u00e0 l’avancement de l’\u00e9tat du dossier en y associant une obligation de r\u00e9sultat pour les avocats, rechercher les biens des auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s, pour anticiper la mise en insolvabilit\u00e9 des pr\u00e9venus, explication aux victimes par les avocats et les OSC de la temporalit\u00e9, des marges de man\u0153uvre et des limites du processus judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La phase pr\u00e9-juridictionnelle recommande l’\u00e9largissement de la d\u00e9finition d’une victime, am\u00e9liorer les droits proc\u00e9duraux des victimes, demander une saisie conservatoire des biens identifi\u00e9s d’un auteur des crimes, \u00e9tablir un lien avec les partenaires charg\u00e9s de la prise en charge holistique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concernant la d\u00e9cision judiciaire, l’\u00e9tude recommande de distinguer les r\u00e9parations individuelles, collectives et d’int\u00e9r\u00eat communautaire, possibilit\u00e9 de prononcer une mesure d’interdiction du territoire touch\u00e9 par les infractions \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard du condamn\u00e9, \u00e9tablir une individualisation du pr\u00e9judice tenant compte des circonstances particuli\u00e8res de la commission des faits inflig\u00e9s \u00e0 la victime, s’assurer de la notification aux victimes, distinguer les r\u00e9parations collectives, poursuivre les r\u00e9unions entre avocats, OSC et victimes au proc\u00e8s afin de sassurer de la transmission des informations judiciaires et inscrire le processus judiciaire en lien avec la prise en charge holistique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin, l’ex\u00e9cution des d\u00e9cisions judiciaires doit, selon les recommandations de la chercheuse, tenir compte de la mise en place dun magistrat de l’ex\u00e9cution des d\u00e9cisions judiciaires, poursuivre les r\u00e9unions entre les avocats, les OSC, les victimes au proc\u00e8s et y associer les magistrats afin de constituer un groupe de r\u00e9flexion, une m\u00e9thodologie relative \u00e0 l’identification des types de r\u00e9parations octroy\u00e9es et \u00e0 leur mise en \u0153uvre. H\u00e9berger par exemple un fonds au minist\u00e8re de la justice ou comme une institution ind\u00e9pendante d’appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie ou encore cr\u00e9ation au niveau provincial de ce fonds et Identifier les partenaires techniques et financiers susceptibles d’appuyer la mise en \u0153uvre des r\u00e9parations prononc\u00e9es, pour ne citer que cela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A noter que, selon le droit national qu’international, l’obligation de fournir r\u00e9paration incombe \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat pour les actes et omissions qui peuvent lui \u00eatre imput\u00e9s, sur son territoire ou \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger. En droit congolais la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’\u00c9tat congolais d\u00e9coule des articles 16, 52, 182 et 187 de la constitution qui le condamne pour n’avoir pas garanti aux victimes la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la paix et la protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est donc clair que lorsque l’\u00c9tat n’assure pas r\u00e9paration, il cr\u00e9e in\u00e9vitablement des frustr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 avec le soutien et l’appui financier de RCN Justice et D\u00e9mocratie<\/strong>
Gabriel Ishara Kashugushu<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente, appuy\u00e9 par Avocats Sans Fronti\u00e8res (ASF) r\u00e9v\u00e8le les insuffisances du syst\u00e8me judiciaire congolais en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9paration des victimes des crimes de masse. Dans sa conclusion, l’\u00e9tude<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":22609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe"],"yoast_head":"\nCrimes commis en RDC et r\u00e9parations : comment l'\u00c9tat entretient la frustration des victimes ? - LES VOLCANS NEWS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lesvolcansnews.net\/?p=22610\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crimes commis en RDC et r\u00e9parations : comment l'\u00c9tat entretient la frustration des victimes ? - LES VOLCANS NEWS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente, appuy\u00e9 par Avocats Sans Fronti\u00e8res (ASF) r\u00e9v\u00e8le les insuffisances du syst\u00e8me judiciaire congolais en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9paration des victimes des crimes de masse. 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